www-lib-markdown/js/spreadsheet.js

class CellException extends Error {
	errorSymbol;

	constructor(message, errorSymbol='#ERROR') {
		super(message);
		this.errorSymbol = errorSymbol;
	}
}
class CellSyntaxException extends CellException {
	constructor(message, errorSymbol='#SYNTAX') {
		super(message, errorSymbol);
	}
}
class CellEvaluationException extends CellException {}
class CellDependencyException extends CellException {
	constructor(message, errorSymbol='#REF') {
		super(message, errorSymbol);
	}
}

class CellExpressionTokenType {
	static Name = new CellExpressionTokenType('Name');
	static Address = new CellExpressionTokenType('Address');
	static NameOrAddress = new CellExpressionTokenType('NameOrAddress');
	static String = new CellExpressionTokenType('String');
	static Number = new CellExpressionTokenType('Number');
	static OpenParen = new CellExpressionTokenType('OpenParen');
	static CloseParen = new CellExpressionTokenType('CloseParen');
	static Colon = new CellExpressionTokenType('Colon');
	static Plus = new CellExpressionTokenType('Plus');
	static Minus = new CellExpressionTokenType('Minus');
	static Multiply = new CellExpressionTokenType('Multiply');
	static Divide = new CellExpressionTokenType('Divide');
	static Comma = new CellExpressionTokenType('Comma');
	static Semicolon = new CellExpressionTokenType('Semicolon');
	static Ampersand = new CellExpressionTokenType('Ampersand');
	static LessThan = new CellExpressionTokenType('LessThan');
	static LessThanEqual = new CellExpressionTokenType('LessThanEqual');
	static GreaterThan = new CellExpressionTokenType('GreaterThan');
	static GreaterThanEqual = new CellExpressionTokenType('GreaterThanEqual');
	static Equal = new CellExpressionTokenType('Equal');
	static Unequal = new CellExpressionTokenType('Unequal');
	static Not = new CellExpressionTokenType('Not');

	/** @type {string} */
	#name;

	/** @type {string} */
	get name() { return this.#name; }

	constructor(name) {
		this.#name = name;
	}

	/**
	 * @returns {boolean}
	 */
	isPotentialName() {
		return this === CellExpressionTokenType.Name || this === CellExpressionTokenType.NameOrAddress;
	}

	/**
	 * @returns {boolean}
	 */
	isPotentialAddress() {
		return this === CellExpressionTokenType.Address || this === CellExpressionTokenType.NameOrAddress;
	}

	toString() {
		return this.#name;
	}

	equals(other) {
		if (!(other instanceof CellExpressionTokenType)) return false;
		return other.#name == this.#name;
	}
}

class CellExpressionOperation {
	/** Arg is int or float */
	static Number = new CellExpressionOperation('Number');
	/** Arg is string without quotes */
	static String = new CellExpressionOperation('String');
	/** Arg is bool */
	static Boolean = new CellExpressionOperation('Boolean');
	/** Arg is reference address (e.g. "A5") */
	static Reference = new CellExpressionOperation('Reference');
	/** Args are start and end addresses (e.g. "A5", "C7") */
	static Range = new CellExpressionOperation('Range');

	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions. */
	static Add = new CellExpressionOperation('Add');
	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions */
	static Subtract = new CellExpressionOperation('Subtract');
	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions */
	static Multiply = new CellExpressionOperation('Multiply');
	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions */
	static Divide = new CellExpressionOperation('Divide');

	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions. */
	static Concatenate = new CellExpressionOperation('Concatenate');

	/** Arg is operand expression */
	static UnaryMinus = new CellExpressionOperation('UnaryMinus');

	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions. */
	static GreaterThan = new CellExpressionOperation('GreaterThan');
	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions. */
	static GreaterThanEqual = new CellExpressionOperation('GreaterThanEqual');
	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions. */
	static LessThan = new CellExpressionOperation('LessThan');
	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions. */
	static LessThanEqual = new CellExpressionOperation('LessThanEqual');
	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions. */
	static Equal = new CellExpressionOperation('Equal');
	/** Args are two operand CellExpressions. */
	static Unequal = new CellExpressionOperation('Unequal');

	/** Arg is operand expression. */
	static UnaryNot = new CellExpressionOperation('UnaryNot');

	/** Args are 0+ CellExpressions */
	static Function = new CellExpressionOperation('Function');

	/** @type {string} */
	name;

	constructor(name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	toString() {
		return `${this.constructor.name}.${this.name}`;
	}

	equals(other) {
		if (!(other instanceof CellExpressionOperation)) return false;
		return other.name == this.name;
	}
}

/**
 * Collection of all calculated cells in a table.
 */
class CellExpressionSet {
	/** @type {SpreadsheetGrid} */
	#grid;
	/**
	 * @param {SpreadsheetGrid} grid
	 */
	constructor(grid) {
		this.#grid = grid;
	}

	/**
	 * Populates the `outputValue` fields of every cell in the table. Cells
	 * with formulas will attempt to be calculated or populated with error
	 * values.
	 */
	calculateCells() {
		const rowCount = this.#grid.rowCount;
		const colCount = this.#grid.columnCount;

		// Make queue of cell addresses with expressions in them
		/** @type {CellAddress[]} */
		var expressionAddressQueue = [];
		var range = new CellAddressRange(new CellAddress(0, 0), new CellAddress(colCount - 1, rowCount - 1));
		for (const address of range.cellsIn(this.#grid)) {
			const cell = this.#grid.cellAt(address);
			const value = cell.originalValue;
			if (value.type != CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA) {
				cell.outputValue = value;
				cell.isCalculated = false;
				continue;
			}
			try {
				const expression = CellExpression.parse(value.formattedValue, address);
				if (!expression) {
					throw new CellSyntaxException("Invalid expression");
				}
				cell.parsedExpression = expression;
				cell.isCalculated = true;
				expressionAddressQueue.push(address);
				this.#enqueueFilledBlanks(expression, expressionAddressQueue);
			} catch (e) {
				if (e instanceof CellSyntaxException || e instanceof CellEvaluationException) {
					cell.outputValue = CellValue.fromValue(e);
				} else {
					throw e;
				}
			}
		}

		// Try to evaluate each cell. If one depends on cells not yet calculated,
		// move it to the back of the queue and try again later.
		this.#processExpressionQueue(expressionAddressQueue);
		this.#processCircularReferences(expressionAddressQueue);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellAddress[]} addresses
	 */
	#processExpressionQueue(addresses) {
		var requeueCount = 0;
		while (addresses.length > 0 && requeueCount < addresses.length) {
			const address = addresses[0];
			addresses.splice(0, 1);
			const cell = this.#grid.cellAt(address);
			const value = cell.originalValue;
			try {
				const result = this.#evaluate(cell.parsedExpression, address);
				cell.isCalculated = true;
				if (result instanceof CellValue) {
					cell.outputValue = result;
					requeueCount = 0;
				} else if (Array.isArray(result)) {
					if (result.length == 1) {
						cell.outputValue = result[0];
						requeueCount = 0;
					} else {
						throw new CellEvaluationException(`Expression resolved to ${result.length} values, single value expected`);
					}
				} else {
					throw new CellEvaluationException(`Expression resolved to ${result && result.constructor ? result.constructor.name : typeof result}, expected CellValue`);
				}
			} catch (e) {
				if (e instanceof CellDependencyException) {
					// Depends on a value that hasn't been calculated yet
					addresses.push(address);
					requeueCount++;
				} else if (e instanceof CellSyntaxException || e instanceof CellEvaluationException) {
					cell.outputValue = CellValue.fromValue(e);
					requeueCount = 0;
				} else {
					throw e;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpression} expression
	 * @param {CellAddress[]} addresses
	 */
	#enqueueFilledBlanks(expression, addresses) {
		for (const range of expression.fillRanges ?? []) {
			for (const filledAddress of range.cellsIn(this.#grid)) {
				const filledCell = this.#grid.cellAt(filledAddress);
				if (filledCell.originalValue.type == CellValue.TYPE_BLANK &&
						(!filledCell.outputValue ||
						filledCell.outputValue.type == CellValue.TYPE_BLANK)) {
					filledCell.parsedExpression = expression.transpose(expression.location, filledAddress);
					filledCell.isCalculated = true;
					addresses.push(filledAddress);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellAddress[]} addresses
	 */
	#processCircularReferences(addresses) {
		while (addresses.length > 0) {
			const address = addresses[0];
			addresses.splice(0, 1);
			// We defered these cells repeatedly and couldn't resolve them even
			// after everything else was calculated.
			const cell = this.#grid.cellAt(address);
			cell.outputValue = CellValue.fromValue(new CellDependencyException(`Circular reference at ${address.name}`));
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpression} expr
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue|CellValue[]}
	 */
	#evaluate(expr, address) {
		const result = this.#preevaluate(expr, address);
		if (result instanceof CellValue) {
			if (expr.outputType !== null) {
				return CellValue.fromValue(result.value, expr.outputType ?? result.type, expr.outputDecimals);
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpression} expr
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue|CellValue[]}
	 */
	#preevaluate(expr, address) {
		switch (expr.op) {
			case CellExpressionOperation.Number:
			case CellExpressionOperation.String:
			case CellExpressionOperation.Boolean:
				return expr.arguments[0];

			case CellExpressionOperation.Reference: {
				const refAddress = expr.arguments[0];
				const cell = this.#grid.cellAt(refAddress);
				if (cell === null) {
					throw new CellEvaluationException(`No cell at ${refAddress.name}`, '#REF');
				}
				if (cell.outputValue === null) {
					throw new CellDependencyException(`Need calculated value for ${refAddress} to evaluate`);
				}
				return cell.outputValue;
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.Range: {
				const range = expr.arguments[0];
				var values = [];
				for (const rAddress of range.cellsIn(this.#grid)) {
					const cell = this.#grid.cellAt(rAddress);
					if (rAddress.equals(address)) continue;
					const val = this.#grid.outputValueAt(rAddress);
					if (val === null) {
						throw new CellDependencyException(`Need calculated value for ${rAddress.name} to evaluate`);
					}
					values.push(val);
				}
				return values;
			}

			case CellExpressionOperation.Add: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.add(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.Subtract: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.subtract(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.Multiply: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.multiply(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.Divide: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.divide(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.UnaryMinus: {
				const op = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				return CellValue.fromValue(0).subtract(op);
			}

			case CellExpressionOperation.GreaterThan: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.gt(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.GreaterThanEqual: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.gte(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.LessThan: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.lt(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.LessThanEqual: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.lte(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.Equal: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.eq(op2);
			}
			case CellExpressionOperation.Unequal: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.neq(op2);
			}

			case CellExpressionOperation.UnaryNot: {
				const op = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				return op.not();
			}

			case CellExpressionOperation.Concatenate: {
				const op1 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[0], address);
				const op2 = this.#evaluate(expr.arguments[1], address);
				return op1.concatenate(op2);
			}

			case CellExpressionOperation.Function:
				return this.#callFunction(expr.qualifier, expr.arguments, address);
		}
		throw new CellSyntaxException(`Unhandled operation ${expr.op.name}`);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} functionName
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#callFunction(functionName, args, address) {
		switch (functionName.toUpperCase()) {
			case 'ABS': return this.#funcAbs(args, address);
			case 'AND': return this.#funcAnd(args, address);
			case 'AVERAGE': return this.#funcAverage(args, address);
			case 'CEILING': return this.#funcCeiling(args, address);
			case 'EXP': return this.#funcExp(args, address);
			case 'FLOOR': return this.#funcFloor(args, address);
			case 'IF': return this.#funcIf(args, address);
			case 'IFS': return this.#funcIfs(args, address);
			case 'LN': return this.#funcLn(args, address);
			case 'LOG': return this.#funcLog(args, address);
			case 'LOWER': return this.#funcLower(args, address);
			case 'MAX': return this.#funcMax(args, address);
			case 'MIN': return this.#funcMin(args, address);
			case 'MOD': return this.#funcMod(args, address);
			case 'NOT': return this.#funcNot(args, address);
			case 'OR': return this.#funcOr(args, address);
			case 'POWER': return this.#funcPower(args, address);
			case 'ROUND': return this.#funcRound(args, address);
			case 'SQRT': return this.#funcSqrt(args, address);
			case 'SUBSTITUTE': return this.#funcSubstitute(args, address);
			case 'SUM': return this.#funcSum(args, address);
			case 'UPPER': return this.#funcUpper(args, address);
			case 'XOR': return this.#funcXor(args, address);
			default:
				throw new CellSyntaxException(`Unknown function "${functionName}"`);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} functionName
	 * @param {number} minArgs
	 * @param {number} maxArgs
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {Array}
	 */
	#assertNumericArguments(functionName, minArgs, maxArgs, args, address) {
		const argCount = args.length;
		if (argCount < minArgs || argCount > maxArgs) {
			if (minArgs == maxArgs) {
				throw new CellSyntaxException(`${functionName}() expects ${minArgs} arguments, got ${argCount}`);
			}
			throw new CellSyntaxException(`${functionName}() expects between ${minArgs} and ${maxArgs} arguments, got ${argCount}`);
		}
		var out = [];
		for (const argument of args) {
			const evaled = this.#evaluate(argument, address);
			if (!(evaled instanceof CellValue) || !evaled.isNumeric()) {
				throw new CellEvaluationException(`${functionName}() expects numeric arguments`);
			}
			out.push(evaled);
		}
		return out;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} functionName
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @param {boolean} errorOnNonnumeric
	 * @param {Array}
	 */
	#flattenedNumericArguments(functionName, args, address, errorOnNonnumeric=true) {
		var flattened = [];
		for (const argument of args) {
			const evaled = this.#evaluate(argument, address);
			if (evaled instanceof CellValue) {
				if (!evaled.isNumeric()) {
					if (errorOnNonnumeric) {
						throw new CellEvaluationException(`${functionName} requires numeric arguments`);
					}
					continue;
				}
				flattened.push(evaled);
			} else if (Array.isArray(evaled)) {
				const arr = evaled;
				for (const arrayArgument of arr) {
					if (arrayArgument instanceof CellValue) {
						if (!arrayArgument.isNumeric()) {
							if (errorOnNonnumeric) {
								throw new CellEvaluationException(`${functionName} requires numeric arguments`);
							}
							continue;
						}
						flattened.push(arrayArgument);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return flattened;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcAbs(args, address) {
		const evaled = this.#assertNumericArguments('ABS', 1, 1, args, address);
		const arg = evaled[0];
		if (arg.value < 0.0) {
			return CellValue.fromValue(0).subtract(arg);
		}
		return arg;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcAnd(args, address) {
		if (args.length == 0) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("AND requires one or more arguments");
		}
		const values = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		for (const value of values) {
			const result = value.booleanValue();
			if (result === null) {
				throw new CellEvaluationException("AND requires boolean arguments");
			}
			if (!result) return CellValue.fromValue(false);
		}
		return CellValue.fromValue(true);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcAverage(args, address) {
		var sum = CellValue.fromValue(0);
		var count = 0;
		for (const arg of args) {
			const val = this.#evaluate(arg, address);
			if (Array.isArray(val)) {
				for (const elem of val) {
					if (!elem.isNumeric()) continue;
					sum = sum.add(elem);
					count++;
				}
			} else if (val.isNumeric()) {
				sum = sum.add(val);
				count++;
			}
		}
		return (count > 0) ? sum.divide(CellValue.fromValue(count)) : CellValue.fromValue(0);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcCeiling(args, address) {
		const evaled = this.#assertNumericArguments('CEILING', 1, 1, args, address);
		const arg = evaled[0];
		const newValue = Math.ceil(arg.value);
		return CellValue.fromValue(newValue, arg.type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcExp(args, address) {
		const evaled = this.#assertNumericArguments('EXP', 1, 1, args, address);
		const arg = evaled[0];
		const newValue = Math.exp(arg.value);
		return CellValue.fromValue(newValue, arg.type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcFloor(args, address) {
		const evaled = this.#assertNumericArguments('FLOOR', 1, 1, args, address);
		const arg = evaled[0];
		const newValue = Math.floor(arg.value);
		return CellValue.fromValue(newValue, arg.type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcIf(args, address) {
		if (args.length != 3) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("IF expects three arguments");
		}
		const evaled = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		const test = evaled[0].booleanValue();
		if (test === null) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("IF expects a boolean for the first argument");
		}
		if (test) {
			return evaled[1];
		} else {
			return evaled[2];
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcIfs(args, address) {
		if (args.length < 3) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("IFS expects at least 3 arguments");
		}
		if ((args.length % 2) != 1) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("IFS expects an odd number of arguments");
		}
		const evaled = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		for (var i = 0; i < evaled.length - 1; i += 2) {
			const test = evaled[i].booleanValue();
			if (test === null) {
				throw new CellEvaluationException(`IFS expects a boolean for argument ${i + 1}`);
			}
			if (test) {
				return evaled[i + 1];
			}
		}
		return evaled[evaled.length - 1];
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcLn(args, address) {
		const evaled = this.#assertNumericArguments('LN', 1, 1, args, address);
		const arg = evaled[0];
		const newValue = Math.log(arg.value);
		return CellValue.fromValue(newValue, arg.type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcLog(args, address) {
		const evaled = this.#assertNumericArguments('LOG', 1, 2, args, address);
		const exponent = evaled[0];
		const base = (evaled.length > 1) ? evaled[1].value : 10.0;
		const newValue = Math.log(exponent.value) / Math.log(base);
		return CellValue.fromValue(newValue, exponent.type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcLower(args, address) {
		if (args.length != 1) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("LOWER requires one argument");
		}
		const evaled = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		const s = evaled[0].stringValue(true);
		if (s === null) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("LOWER requires one string argument");
		}
		return CellValue.fromValue(s.toLowerCase());
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcMax(args, address) {
		var maxValue = null;
		const flattened = this.#flattenedNumericArguments('MAX', args, address);
		if (flattened.length == 0) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("MAX requires at least one numeric argument");
		}
		for (const argument of flattened) {
			if (maxValue === null || argument.value > maxValue.value) {
				maxValue = argument;
			}
		}
		return maxValue ?? CellValue.fromValue(0);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcMin(args, address) {
		var minValue = null;
		const flattened = this.#flattenedNumericArguments('MIN', args, address);
		if (flattened.length == 0) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("MIN requires at least one numeric argument");
		}
		for (const argument of flattened) {
			if (minValue === null || argument.value < minValue.value) {
				minValue = argument;
			}
		}
		return minValue ?? CellValue.fromValue(0);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcMod(args, address) {
		if (args.length != 2) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("MOD requires two numeric arguments");
		}
		const values = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		return values[0].modulo(values[1]);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcNot(args, address) {
		if (args.length == 0) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("NOT expects one argument");
		}
		const evaled = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		const b = evaled[0].booleanValue();
		if (b === null) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("NOT expects boolean argument");
		}
		return CellValue.fromValue(!b);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcOr(args, address) {
		if (args.length == 0) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("OR requires one or more arguments");
		}
		const values = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		for (const value of values) {
			const result = value.booleanValue();
			if (result === null) {
				throw new CellEvaluationException("OR requires boolean arguments");
			}
			if (result) return CellValue.fromValue(true);
		}
		return CellValue.fromValue(false);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcPower(args, address) {
		const evaled = this.#assertNumericArguments('POWER', 2, 2, args, address);
		const base = evaled[0];
		const exp = evaled[1];
		const val = Math.pow(base.value, exp.value);
		return CellValue.fromValue(val, base.type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcRound(args, address) {
		const evaled = this.#assertNumericArguments('ROUND', 1, 2, args, address);
		const val = evaled[0];
		const places = evaled.length > 1 ? evaled[1].value : 0;
		const divider = Math.pow(10.0, places);
		const newValue = Math.round(val.value * divider) / divider;
		return CellValue.fromValue(newValue, val.type);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcSqrt(args, address) {
		if (args.length != 1) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("SQRT expects 1 numeric argument");
		}
		const values = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		const val = values[0].numericValue();
		if (val === null) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("SQRT expects 1 numeric argument");
		}
		return CellValue.fromValue(Math.sqrt(val));
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcSubstitute(args, address) {
		if (args.length != 3) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("SUBSTITUTE expects 3 string arguments");
		}
		const values = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		const text = values[0].stringValue();
		const search = values[1].stringValue();
		const replace = values[2].stringValue();
		if (text === null || search === null || replace === null) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("SUBSTITUTE expects 3 string arguments");
		}
		const result = text.replaceAll(search, replace);
		return CellValue.fromValue(result);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcSum(args, address) {
		var sum = CellValue.fromValue(0);
		for (const arg of args) {
			const val = this.#evaluate(arg, address);
			if (Array.isArray(val)) {
				for (const elem of val) {
					if (elem.isNumeric()) sum = sum.add(elem);
				}
			} else if (val.isNumeric()) {
				sum = sum.add(val);
			}
		}
		return sum;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcUpper(args, address) {
		if (args.length != 1) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("UPPER requires one argument");
		}
		const evaled = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		const s = evaled[0].stringValue(true);
		if (s === null) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("UPPER requires one string argument");
		}
		return CellValue.fromValue(s.toUpperCase());
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	#funcXor(args, address) {
		if (args.length == 0) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("XOR requires one or more arguments");
		}
		const values = args.map((arg) => this.#evaluate(arg, address));
		var result = null;
		for (const value of values) {
			const b = value.booleanValue();
			if (b === null) {
				throw new CellEvaluationException("XOR requires boolean arguments");
			}
			result = (result === null) ? b : (result ^ b);
		}
		return CellValue.fromValue(result != 0);
	}
}

/**
 * A spreadsheet formula expression.
 */
class CellExpression {
	/** @type {CellExpressionOperation} */
	op;
	/** @type {Array} */
	arguments;
	/** @type {string|null} */
	qualifier;
	/** @type {string|null} */
	outputType = null;
	/** @type {number|null} */
	outputDecimals = null;
	/**
	 * Address ranges to copy this expression into for any blank cells.
	 * @type {CellAddressRange[]|null} fillRanges
	 */
	fillRanges = null;
	/** @type {CellAddress|null} */
	location = null;
	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionOperation} op
	 * @param {Array} args
	 * @param {string|null} qualifier
	 */
	constructor(op, args, qualifier = null) {
		this.op = op;
		this.arguments = args;
		this.qualifier = qualifier;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} expression
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static parse(expression, address) {
		const tokens = this.expressionToTokens(expression);
		if (tokens.length == 0) return null;
		const expr = this.expressionFromTokens(tokens, address);
		expr.location = address;
		return expr;
	}

	/**
	 * Writes an expression tree to console.error for debugging purposes.
	 * @param {CellExpression} expression
	 * @param {string} indent
	 */
	static dumpExpression(expression, indent = '') {
		if (expression.arguments.length == 0) {
			console.error(indent + "expr " + expression.op.name + '()');
		} else {
			console.error(indent + expression.op.name + '(');
			for (const argument of expression.arguments) {
				if (typeof argument == 'number') {
					console.error(indent + `\t${argument}`);
				} else if (typeof argument == 'string') {
					console.error(indent + `\t"${argument}"`);
				} else if (typeof argument == 'boolean') {
					console.error(indent + "\t" + (argument ? "true" : "false"));
				} else if (argument instanceof CellAddress) {
					console.error(indent + "\t" + argument.name);
				} else if (argument instanceof CellAddressRange) {
					console.error(indent + "\t" + argument.name);
				} else if (argument instanceof CellValue) {
					console.error(indent + "\t" + argument.type + " " + argument.formattedValue);
				} else if (argument instanceof CellExpression) {
					this.dumpExpression(argument, indent + "\t");
				} else {
					console.error(indent + "\t" + typeof argument);
				}
			}
			console.error(indent + ')');
		}
	}

	#clone() {
		const cp = new CellExpression();
		cp.op = this.op;
		cp.arguments = this.arguments.slice();
		cp.qualifier = this.qualifier;
		cp.outputType = this.outputType;
		cp.outputDecimals = this.outputDecimals;
		cp.fillRanges = this.fillRanges !== null ? this.fillRanges.slice() : null;
		cp.location = this.location;
		return cp;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellAddress} start
	 * @param {CellAddress} end
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	transpose(start, end) {
		var transposed = this.#clone(); // structuredClone makes a mess of typing
		transposed.arguments = [];
		for (const argument of this.arguments) {
			if (argument instanceof CellExpression) {
				transposed.arguments.push(argument.transpose(start, end));
			} else if (argument instanceof CellAddress) {
				transposed.arguments.push(argument.transpose(start, end));
			} else if (argument instanceof CellAddressRange) {
				transposed.arguments.push(argument.transpose(start, end));
			} else {
				transposed.arguments.push(argument);
			}
		}
		return transposed;
	}

	// -- Tokenizing -----

	/**
	 * Converts an expression into an array of tokens.
	 * @param {string} text - expression
	 * @returns {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 */
	static expressionToTokens(text) {
		var tokens = [];
		var pos = [0];
		this.#skipWhitespace(text, pos);
		if (text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1) == '=') {
			// Ignore equals
			pos[0]++;
		}
		this.#skipWhitespace(text, pos);
		var l = text.length;
		while (pos[0] < l) {
			tokens.push(this.#readNextToken(text, pos));
			this.#skipWhitespace(text, pos);
		}
		return tokens;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @param {number[]} pos
	 * @returns {CellExpressionToken}
	 */
	static #readNextToken(text, pos) {
		// Single char tokens
		var token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '==', CellExpressionTokenType.Equal)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '!=', CellExpressionTokenType.Unequal)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '<=', CellExpressionTokenType.LessThanEqual)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '>=', CellExpressionTokenType.GreaterThanEqual)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '<', CellExpressionTokenType.LessThan)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '>', CellExpressionTokenType.GreaterThan)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '!', CellExpressionTokenType.Not)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '+', CellExpressionTokenType.Plus)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '-', CellExpressionTokenType.Minus)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '*', CellExpressionTokenType.Multiply)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '/', CellExpressionTokenType.Divide)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, ',', CellExpressionTokenType.Comma)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '(', CellExpressionTokenType.OpenParen)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, ')', CellExpressionTokenType.CloseParen)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, ':', CellExpressionTokenType.Colon)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, ';', CellExpressionTokenType.Semicolon)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, '&', CellExpressionTokenType.Ampersand)) return token;
		// Other tokens
		if (token = this.#readNextAddressToken(text, pos)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextNameToken(text, pos)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextNumberToken(text, pos)) return token;
		if (token = this.#readNextStringToken(text, pos)) return token;
		throw new CellSyntaxException(`Unexpected character "${text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1)}" at ${pos[0]}`);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @param {number[]} pos
	 */
	static #skipWhitespace(text, pos) {
		const l = text.length;
		while (pos[0] < l) {
			const ch = text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1);
			if (ch == ' ' || ch == "\t" || ch == "\n" || ch == "\r") {
				pos[0]++;
			} else {
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @param {number[]} pos
	 * @param {string} target
	 * @param {CellExpressionTokenType} type
	 * @returns {CellExpressionToken|null}
	 */
	static #readNextSimpleToken(text, pos, target, type) {
		const remaining = text.length - pos[0];
		const l = target.length;
		if (l > remaining) return null;
		const test = text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + l);
		if (test.toUpperCase() != target.toUpperCase()) return null;
		pos[0] += l;
		return new CellExpressionToken(type, test);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @param {number[]} pos
	 * @returns {CellExpressionToken|null}
	 */
	static #readNextAddressToken(text, pos) {
		var p = [ pos[0] ];
		var ch = text.substring(p[0], p[0] + 1);
		var address = '';
		var isName = true;
		if (ch == '$') {
			address += ch;
			isName = false;
			p[0]++;
		}
		var col = this.#readChars(text, p, (s) => this.#isLetter(s), 1, 2);
		if (col === null) return null;
		address += col;
		ch = text.substring(p[0], p[0] + 1);
		if (ch == '$') {
			address += ch;
			isName = false;
			p[0]++;
			const row = this.#readChars(text, p, this.#isDigit, 1);
			if (row === null) return null;
			address += row;
		} else {
			const row = this.#readChars(text, p, this.#isDigit, 0);
			if (row === null) return null;
			address += row;
		}
		pos[0] = p[0];
		return new CellExpressionToken(
			isName ? CellExpressionTokenType.NameOrAddress : CellExpressionTokenType.Address,
			address);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @param {number[]} pos
	 * @returns {CellExpressionToken|null}
	 */
	static #readNextNameToken(text, pos) {
		var p = [ pos[0] ];
		const name = this.#readChars(text, p, (s) => this.#isLetter(s), 1);
		if (name === null) return null;
		pos[0] = p[0];
		if (CellAddress.isAddress(name)) {
			return new CellExpressionToken(CellExpressionTokenType.NameOrAddress, name);
		}
		return new CellExpressionToken(CellExpressionTokenType.Name, name);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @param {number[]} pos
	 * @returns {CellExpressionToken|null}
	 */
	static #readNextNumberToken(text, pos) {
		var ch = text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1);
		if (!this.#isDigit(ch)) return null;
		const l = text.length;
		var numStr = ch;
		pos[0]++;
		while (pos[0] < l) {
			ch = text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1);
			if (this.#isDigit(ch)) {
				pos[0]++;
				numStr += ch;
			} else {
				break;
			}
		}
		if (pos[0] < l) {
			ch = text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1);
			if (ch == '.') {
				numStr += ch;
				pos[0]++;
				while (pos[0] < l) {
					ch = text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1);
					if (this.#isDigit(ch)) {
						pos[0]++;
						numStr += ch;
					} else {
						break;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return new CellExpressionToken(CellExpressionTokenType.Number, numStr);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @param {number[]} pos
	 * @returns {CellExpressionToken|null}
	 */
	static #readNextStringToken(text, pos) {
		var ch = text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1);
		if (ch !== '"') return null;
		var str = '';
		pos[0]++;
		const l = text.length;
		var inEscape = false;
		while (pos[0] < l) {
			ch = text.substring(pos[0], pos[0] + 1);
			pos[0]++;
			if (inEscape) {
				inEscape = false;
				if (ch == '\\' || ch == '"') {
					str += ch;
				} else {
					throw new CellSyntaxException(`Bad string escape sequence "\\${ch}"`);
				}
			} else if (ch == '\\') {
				inEscape = true;
			} else if (ch == '"') {
				return new CellExpressionToken(CellExpressionTokenType.String, str);
			} else {
				str += ch;
			}
		}
		throw new CellSyntaxException('Unterminated string');
	}

	/**
	 * Reads the next chars that pass a test function and returns the result.
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @param {number[]} pos
	 * @param {function} charTest
	 * @param {number|null} minimumLength
	 * @param {number|null} maximumLength
	 * @returns {string|null}
	 */
	static #readChars(text, pos, charTest, minimumLength = null, maximumLength = null) {
		var p = pos[0];
		const l = text.length;
		var s = '';
		var sl = 0;
		while (p < l && (maximumLength === null || sl < maximumLength)) {
			const ch = text.substring(p, p + 1);
			if (!charTest(ch)) break;
			s += ch;
			sl++;
			p++;
		}
		if (p < l && charTest(text.substring(p, p + 1))) {
			return null;
		}
		if (minimumLength !== null && sl < minimumLength) {
			return null;
		}
		pos[0] = p;
		return s;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} ch
	 * @returns {boolean}
	 */
	static #isLetter(ch) {
		const ord = ch.codePointAt(0);
		return (ord >= 65 && ord <= 90) || (ord >= 97 && ord <= 122);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} ch
	 * @returns {boolean}
	 */
	static #isDigit(ch) {
		const ord = ch.codePointAt(0);
		return (ord >= 48 && ord <= 57);
	}

	// -- Parsing -----

	/**
	 * @param {Array} tokens
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static expressionFromTokens(tokens, address) {
		var expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryExpressionAndFormat(tokens, 0, tokens.length - 1, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryExpressionAndFill(tokens, 0, tokens.length - 1, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryExpression(tokens, 0, tokens.length - 1, address)) return expr;
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {Array} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryExpressionAndFormat(tokens, start, end, address) {
		for (var t = start + 1; t < end; t++) {
			if (tokens[t].type == CellExpressionTokenType.Semicolon) {
				const expr = this.#tryExpressionAndFill(tokens, start, t - 1, address) ??
					this.#tryExpression(tokens, start, t - 1, address);
				if (expr === null) return null;
				const format = this.#tryFormat(tokens, t + 1, end, address);
				if (format === null) return null;
				[ expr.outputType, expr.outputDecimals ] = format;
				return expr;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryExpressionAndFill(tokens, start, end, address) {
		var count = end - start + 1;
		if (count < 2) return null;
		if (!tokens[end].type.isPotentialName()) return null;
		var name = tokens[end].content.toUpperCase();
		if (name != 'FILL') return null;
		const exp = this.#tryExpression(tokens, start, end - 1, address);
		const columnIndex = address.columnIndex;
		exp.fillRanges = [
			new CellAddressRange(new CellAddress(columnIndex, -1), new CellAddress(columnIndex, -1)),
		];
		return exp;
	}

	/**
	 * Tries to parse a format suffix after a semicolon. Examples:
	 *
	 *     ; number
	 *     ; number 3
	 *     ; currency 2
	 *     ; percent 0
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @return {any[]} CellValue type and decimal places
	 */
	static #tryFormat(tokens, start, end, address) {
		const count = end - start + 1;
		if (count < 0 || count > 2) return null;
		if (!tokens[start].type.isPotentialName()) return null;
		const type = tokens[start].content.toLowerCase();
		if (!CellValue.isTypeNumeric(type)) return null;
		var decimals;
		if (count > 1) {
			if (tokens[start + 1].type != CellExpressionTokenType.Number) return null;
			decimals = parseInt(tokens[start + 1].content);
		} else {
			decimals = null;
		}
		return [ type, decimals ];
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression}
	 */
	static #tryExpression(tokens, start, end, address) {
		var expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryParenExpression(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryNumber(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryString(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryBoolean(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryFunction(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryRange(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryReference(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryInfix(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		if (expr = this.#tryUnary(tokens, start, end, address)) return expr;
		throw new CellSyntaxException("Invalid expression");
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryParenExpression(tokens, start, end, address) {
		if (tokens[start].type != CellExpressionTokenType.OpenParen) return null;
		if (tokens[end].type != CellExpressionTokenType.CloseParen) return null;
		var parenLevel = 0;
		for (var t = start + 1; t < end; t++) {
			if (tokens[t].type == CellExpressionTokenType.OpenParen) {
				parenLevel++;
			} else if (tokens[t].type == CellExpressionTokenType.CloseParen) {
				parenLevel--;
			}
			if (parenLevel < 0) return null;
		}
		if (parenLevel != 0) return null;
		return this.#tryExpression(tokens, start + 1, end - 1, address);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryNumber(tokens, start, end, address) {
		if (tokens[end].type != CellExpressionTokenType.Number) return null;
		if (end > start + 1) return null;
		const val = CellValue.fromCellString(tokens[end].content);
		if (end > start) {
			if (tokens[start].type != CellExpressionTokenType.Minus) return null;
			val.value = -val.value;
		}
		return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Number, [ val ]);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryString(tokens, start, end, address) {
		if (start != end) return null;
		if (tokens[start].type != CellExpressionTokenType.String) return null;
		const str = tokens[start].content;
		return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.String, [ new CellValue(str, str, CellValue.TYPE_STRING, 0) ]);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryBoolean(tokens, start, end, address) {
		if (start != end) return null;
		if (!tokens[start].type.isPotentialName()) return null;
		const str = tokens[start].content.toUpperCase();
		if (str != 'TRUE' && str != 'FALSE') return null;
		return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Boolean, [ new CellValue(str, str == 'TRUE', CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN) ]);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryFunction(tokens, start, end, address) {
		const count = end - start + 1;
		if (count < 3) return null;
		if (!tokens[start].type.isPotentialName()) return null;
		const qualifier = tokens[start].content;
		if (tokens[start + 1].type != CellExpressionTokenType.OpenParen) return null;
		if (tokens[end].type != CellExpressionTokenType.CloseParen) return null;
		const argList = this.#tryArgumentList(tokens, start + 2, end - 1, address);
		if (argList === null) return null;
		return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Function, argList, qualifier);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {Array|null}
	 */
	static #tryArgumentList(tokens, start, end, address) {
		const count = end - start + 1;
		if (count == 0) return [];
		var parenDepth = 0;
		const argCount = 1;
		/** @type {int[][]} */
		var argTokens = []; // argindex -> [ start, end ]
		var exprStartToken = start;
		for (var i = start; i <= end; i++) {
			if (tokens[i].type == CellExpressionTokenType.OpenParen) {
				parenDepth++;
			} else if (tokens[i].type == CellExpressionTokenType.CloseParen) {
				parenDepth--;
			} else if (tokens[i].type == CellExpressionTokenType.Comma && parenDepth == 0) {
				const exprEndToken = i - 1;
				argTokens.push([ exprStartToken, exprEndToken ]);
				exprStartToken = i + 1;
			}
		}
		argTokens.push([ exprStartToken, end ]);
		var args = [];
		for (const argToken of argTokens) {
			const arg = this.#tryExpression(tokens, argToken[0], argToken[1], address);
			if (arg === null) return null;
			args.push(arg);
		}
		return args;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryRange(tokens, start, end, address) {
		const count = end - start + 1;
		if (count != 3) return null;
		if (!tokens[start].type.isPotentialAddress()) return null;
		const first = tokens[start].content.toUpperCase();
		if (tokens[start + 1].type != CellExpressionTokenType.Colon) return null;
		if (!tokens[end].type.isPotentialAddress()) return null;
		const last = tokens[end].content.toUpperCase();
		const firstAddress = new CellAddress(first);
		const lastAddress = new CellAddress(last);
		const range = new CellAddressRange(firstAddress, lastAddress);
		return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Range, [ range ]);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryReference(tokens, start, end, address) {
		if (start != end) return null;
		if (!tokens[start].type.isPotentialAddress()) return null;
		const ref = tokens[start].content.toUpperCase();
		const refAddress = CellAddress.fromString(ref, address, true);
		return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Reference, [ refAddress ]);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryInfix(tokens, start, end, address) {
		const count = end - start + 1;
		if (count < 3) return null;
		const opPriorities = {}
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.Multiply.name] = 4;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.Divide.name] = 3;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.Plus.name] = 2;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.Minus.name] = 1;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.Ampersand.name] = 10;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.GreaterThan.name] = 20;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.GreaterThanEqual.name] = 20;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.LessThan.name] = 20;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.LessThanEqual.name] = 20;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.Equal.name] = 20;
		opPriorities[CellExpressionTokenType.Unequal.name] = 20;
		var candidates = [];
		var parenLevel = 0;
		var i;
		for (i = start; i <= end; i++) {
			if (tokens[i].type == CellExpressionTokenType.OpenParen) {
				parenLevel++;
			} else if (tokens[i].type == CellExpressionTokenType.CloseParen) {
				parenLevel--;
			} else if (parenLevel == 0 && i > start && i < end) {
				const op = tokens[i].type.name;
				const priority = opPriorities[op] ?? false;
				if (priority === false) continue;
				//console.info(`Found infix candidate at ${i} for ${op} priority ${priority}`);
				candidates.push({ priority: priority, i: i });
			}
		}
		candidates.sort((a, b) => a.priority - b.priority);
		var bestCandidate = null;
		var operand1, operand2;
		for (const candidate of candidates) {
			try {
				i = candidate.i;
				operand1 = this.#tryExpression(tokens, start, i - 1, address);
				if (operand1 === null) continue;
				operand2 = this.#tryExpression(tokens, i + 1, end, address);
				if (operand2 === null) continue;
				bestCandidate = candidate;
				break;
			} catch (e) {
				if (!(e instanceof CellSyntaxException)) {
					throw e;
				}
			}
		}
		if (bestCandidate === null) {
			//console.info("No best candidate found");
			return null;
		}
		i = bestCandidate.i;
		//console.info(`Best candidate at token ${i}, priority ${bestCandidate.priority}`);
		switch (tokens[bestCandidate.i].type) {
			case CellExpressionTokenType.Plus:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Add, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.Minus:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Subtract, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.Multiply:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Multiply, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.Divide:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Divide, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.GreaterThan:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.GreaterThan, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.GreaterThanEqual:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.GreaterThanEqual, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.LessThan:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.LessThan, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.LessThanEqual:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.LessThanEqual, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.Equal:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Equal, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.Unequal:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Unequal, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
			case CellExpressionTokenType.Ampersand:
				return new CellExpression(CellExpressionOperation.Concatenate, [ operand1, operand2 ]);
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionToken[]} tokens
	 * @param {number} start
	 * @param {number} end
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {CellExpression|null}
	 */
	static #tryUnary(tokens, start, end, address) {
		const count = end - start + 1;
		if (count < 2) return null;
		const ops = [
			[ CellExpressionTokenType.Minus, CellExpressionOperation.UnaryMinus ],
			[ CellExpressionTokenType.Not, CellExpressionOperation.UnaryNot ],
		];
		for (const op of ops) {
			if (tokens[start].type != op[0]) continue;
			const operand = this.#tryExpression(tokens, start + 1, end, address);
			if (operand === null) return null;
			return new CellExpression(op[1], [ operand ]);
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} str
	 * @returns {boolean}
	 */
	static #isReferenceName(str) {
		return /^[a-z]+[0-9]*$/i.exec(str) !== null;
	}
}

class CellExpressionToken {
	/** @type {CellExpressionTokenType} */
	type;
	/** @type {string} */
	content;
	/**
	 * @param {CellExpressionTokenType} type
	 * @param {string} content
	 */
	constructor(type, content) {
		this.type = type;
		this.content = content;
	}
}

/**
 * The location of a cell in a table. If the address was specified without a
 * row, the address is considered "unresolved" and needs more context to
 * uniquely identify a cell.
 */
class CellAddress {
	#name;
	/**
	 * @type {string}
	 */
	get name() { return this.#name; }

	#isColumnFixed = false;
	/** 
	 * Whether the column should remain unchanged when transposed. This is
	 * symbolized by prefixing the column name with a `$` (e.g. `$C3`).
	 * @type {boolean}
	 */
	get isColumnFixed() { return this.#isColumnFixed; }

	#columnIndex = -1;
	/**
	 * Zero-based column index.
	 * @type {number}
	 */
	get columnIndex() { return this.#columnIndex; };

	/**
	 * Letter code for the column.
	 * @type {string}
	 */
	get columnLetter() { return CellAddress.#columnIndexToLetters(this.#columnIndex); }

	#isRowFixed = false;
	/**
	 * Whether the row should remain unchanged when transposed. This is
	 * symbolized by prefixing the row number with a `$` (e.g. `C$3`).
	 * @type {boolean}
	 */
	get isRowFixed() { return this.#isRowFixed; }

	#rowIndex = -1;
	/**
	 * Zero-based row index.
	 * @type {number}
	 */
	get rowIndex() { return this.#rowIndex; }

	/**
	 * One-based row number. This is the human-facing row number.
	 */
	get rowNumber() { return this.#rowIndex + 1; }

	/**
	 * Whether this address has both a definite column and row.
	 * @type {boolean}
	 */
	get isResolved() { return this.columnIndex >= 0 && this.rowIndex >= 0; }

	/**
	 * @param {number} columnIndex - 0-based column index
	 * @param {number} rowIndex - 0-based row index
	 * @param {boolean} isColumnFixed - whether the column name is fixed in
	 *   place during transpositions. Denoted with a `$` in front of the column letters.
	 * @param {boolean} isRowFixed - whether the row number is fixed in place
	 *   during transpositions. Denoted with a `$` in front of the row digits.
	 */
	constructor(columnIndex, rowIndex, isColumnFixed=false, isRowFixed=false) {
		if (typeof columnIndex != 'number') {
			throw new Error(`columnIndex must be number, got ${typeof columnIndex}`);
		}
		if (typeof rowIndex != 'number') {
			throw new Error(`rowIndex must be number, got ${typeof rowIndex}`);
		}
		this.#columnIndex = columnIndex;
		this.#rowIndex = rowIndex;
		this.#isColumnFixed = isColumnFixed;
		this.#isRowFixed = isRowFixed;
		this.#name = CellAddress.#formatAddress(columnIndex, rowIndex, isColumnFixed, isRowFixed);
	}

	/**
	 * Tests if a string is formatted like an address.
	 * @param {string} text
	 * @returns {boolean}
	 */
	static isAddress(text) {
		return this.fromString(text) != null;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a converted form of this address reference in a formula that has
	 * been copied from its original location. In other words, if a formula
	 * refers to a cell one to the left and that formula is copied to the next
	 * cell down, that copy's reference should point to the cell on the next
	 * row as well. Addresses with an absolute column or row (e.g. "A5") will
	 * not be altered on that axis.
	 *
	 * Examples:
	 * - C6.transpose(A5, A9) = C10  (A9-A5 = +4 rows, C6 + 4 rows = C10)
	 * - C6.transpose(A5, B9) = D10  (B9-A5 = +4 rows +1 cols, C6 + 4 rows + 1 col = D10)
	 * - C$6.transpose(A5, A9) = C6  (A9-A5 = +4 rows, but row is fixed, so still C6)
	 * - B.transpose(A5, A9) = B9  (A9-A4 = +4 rows, B has no row so last row used = B9)
	 * - A1.transpose(C3, A1) = null (out of bounds)
	 * 
	 * @param {CellAddress} relativeFrom - original address of the formula
	 * @param {CellAddress} relativeTo - address where the formula is being repeated
	 * @param {boolean} resolveToRow - whether to fill in a row number if this address
	 *   doesn't have one
	 * @returns {CellAddress|null} - resolved address, or `null` if out of bounds
	 */
	transpose(relativeFrom, relativeTo, resolveToRow = true) {
		if (!relativeFrom.isResolved || !relativeTo.isResolved) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("Can only transpose to and from resolved addresses");
		}
		var newColumnIndex = this.columnIndex;
		if (!this.isColumnFixed) {
			const columnDelta = relativeTo.columnIndex - relativeFrom.columnIndex;
			newColumnIndex += columnDelta;
		}
		var newRowIndex = this.rowIndex;
		if (!this.isResolved && resolveToRow) {
			newRowIndex = relativeFrom.rowIndex;
		}
		if (newRowIndex != -1 && !this.isRowAbsolute) {
			const rowDelta = relativeTo.rowIndex - relativeFrom.rowIndex;
			newRowIndex += rowDelta;
		}
		if (newColumnIndex < 0 || newRowIndex < 0) return null;
		return new CellAddress(newColumnIndex, newRowIndex);
	}

	equals(other) {
		if (!(other instanceof CellAddress)) return false;
		return other.columnIndex == this.columnIndex && other.rowIndex == this.rowIndex;
	}

	exactlyEquals(other) {
		if (!(other instanceof CellAddress)) return false;
		return other.name == this.name;
	}

	toString() {
		return this.name;
	}

	/**
	 * Converts column letters (e.g. `A`, `C`, `AA`) to a 0-based column index.
	 * Assumes a validated well-formed column letter or else behavior is undefined.
	 *
	 * @param {string} letters
	 * @returns {number} column index
	 */
	static #lettersToColumnIndex(letters) {
		const ACodepoint = 'A'.codePointAt(0);
		var columnIndex = 0;
		for (var i = letters.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
			const letterIndex = letters.codePointAt(i) - ACodepoint;
			columnIndex = columnIndex * 26 + letterIndex;
		}
		return columnIndex;
	}

	/**
	 * Converts a column index to column letters (e.g. index 0 = `A`).
	 * 
	 * @param {number} columnIndex
	 * @returns {string}
	 */
	static #columnIndexToLetters(columnIndex) {
		var letters = '';
		if (columnIndex >= 0) {
			const ACodepoint = 'A'.codePointAt(0);
			var remaining = columnIndex;
			do {
				letters = String.fromCodePoint(ACodepoint + (remaining % 26)) + letters;
				remaining = Math.floor(remaining / 26);
			} while (remaining > 0);
		}
		return letters;
	}

	static #formatAddress(columnIndex, rowIndex, isColumnFixed, isRowFixed) {
		var addr = '';
		if (isColumnFixed && columnIndex >= 0) addr += '$';
		if (columnIndex >= 0) addr += this.#columnIndexToLetters(columnIndex);
		if (isRowFixed && rowIndex >= 0) addr += '$';
		if (rowIndex >= 0) addr += `${rowIndex + 1}`;
		return addr;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} address - cell address string
	 * @param {CellAddress|null} relativeTo - address to resolve relative addresses against
	 * @param {boolean} throwIfInvalid - whether to throw an error if address is invalid
	 * @returns {CellAddress|null} address, if parsable
	 * @throws 
	 */
	static fromString(address, relativeTo=null, throwIfInvalid=false) {
		const groups = /^(\$?)([A-Z]{1,2}?)((?:\$(?=[0-9]))?)([0-9]*)$/i.exec(address);
		if (groups === null) {
			if (throwIfInvalid) throw new CellEvaluationException(`Bad address "${address}"`, '#REF');
			return null;
		}
		const isColumnFixed = groups[1] == '$';
		const letters = groups[2].toUpperCase();
		const isRowFixed = groups[3] == '$';
		const numbers = groups[4];
		var columnIndex = this.#lettersToColumnIndex(letters);
		var rowIndex = (numbers.length == 0) ? -1 : parseInt(numbers) - 1;
		if (columnIndex < 0 && relativeTo != null) columnIndex = relativeTo.columnIndex;
		if (rowIndex < 0 && relativeTo != null) rowIndex = relativeTo.rowIndex;
		return new CellAddress(columnIndex, rowIndex, isColumnFixed, isRowFixed);
	}
}

class CellAddressRange {
	/** @type {boolean} */
	isResolved;
	/** @type {number} */
	minColumnIndex;
	/** @type {number} */
	maxColumnIndex;
	/** @type {number} */
	minRowIndex;
	/** @type {number} */
	maxRowIndex;
	/** @type {string} */
	name;

	/**
	 * @param {CellAddress} fromCell
	 * @param {CellAddress} toCell
	 */
	constructor(fromCell, toCell) {
		if (fromCell.isResolved != toCell.isResolved) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException(`Cannot mix resolved and unresolved cell addresses in range: ${fromCell.name} and ${toCell.name}`);
		}
		this.minColumnIndex = Math.min(fromCell.columnIndex, toCell.columnIndex);
		this.maxColumnIndex = Math.max(fromCell.columnIndex, toCell.columnIndex);
		this.minRowIndex = Math.min(fromCell.rowIndex, toCell.rowIndex);
		this.maxRowIndex = Math.max(fromCell.rowIndex, toCell.rowIndex);
		this.isResolved = fromCell.isResolved;
		this.name = (new CellAddress(this.minColumnIndex, this.minRowIndex)).name +
				':' +
				(new CellAddress(this.maxColumnIndex, this.maxRowIndex)).name;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates an iterator for every `CellAddress` in this range within the
	 * confines of the given table's dimensions.
	 *
	 * @param {SpreadsheetGrid} table
	 * @returns {object} iterable object
	 */
	cellsIn(table) {
		const minCol = this.minColumnIndex < 0 ? 0 : this.minColumnIndex;
		const maxCol = this.maxColumnIndex < 0 ? table.columnCount - 1 : Math.min(this.maxColumnIndex, table.columnCount - 1);
		const minRow = this.minRowIndex < 0 ? 0 : this.minRowIndex;
		const maxRow = this.maxRowIndex < 0 ? table.rowCount - 1 : Math.min(this.maxRowIndex, table.rowCount - 1);
		const iterable = {};
		iterable[Symbol.iterator] = function() {
			var currentCol = minCol;
			var currentRow = minRow;
			return {
				next() {
					const col = currentCol;
					const row = currentRow++;
					if (currentRow > maxRow) {
						currentRow = minRow;
						currentCol++;
					}
					return {
						value: new CellAddress(col, row),
						done: col > maxCol || row > maxRow,
					};
				}
			};
		};
		return iterable;
	}
}

class CellValue {
	/**
	 * Blank cell. `value` is `null`.
	 */
	static TYPE_BLANK = 'blank';
	/**
	 * Currency value. `value` is `number`.
	 */
	static TYPE_CURRENCY = 'currency';
	/**
	 * Regular number value. `value` is `number`.
	 */
	static TYPE_NUMBER = 'number';
	/**
	 * Percentage. `value` is `number`, represented as a ratio (100% = 1.0).
	 */
	static TYPE_PERCENT = 'percent';
	/**
	 * Unaltered text value. `value` is `string`.
	 */
	static TYPE_STRING = 'string';
	/**
	 * Boolean. `value` is `boolean`.
	 */
	static TYPE_BOOLEAN = 'boolean';
	/**
	 * A formula that has resulted in an error during parsing or evaluation.
	 * `value` is `string` error message.
	 */
	static TYPE_ERROR = 'error';
	/**
	 * A formula expression. `value` is `string` and includes the leading `=`.
	 */
	static TYPE_FORMULA = 'formula';

		// -- Properties -----

	/**
	 * A blank value.
	 * @type {CellValue}
	 */
	static BLANK = new CellValue('', null, CellValue.TYPE_BLANK);

	/**
	 * Type of value. One of the `TYPE_` constants.
	 * @type {string}
	 */
	type = CellValue.TYPE_STRING;
	/**
	 * Number of decimal places shown in the formatted value.
	 * @type {number}
	 */
	decimals = 0;
	/**
	 * The string shown in the table cell to the user.
	 * @type {string}
	 */
	formattedValue = '';
	/**
	 * The PHP data value. E.g. a `float` for currency values or an `Exception`
	 * for errors.
	 * @type {any}
	 */
	value = null;

	/**
	 * Constructs a cell value explicitly. Values are not validated. Consider
	 * using `.fromCellString()` or `.fromValue()` to populate values more
	 * intelligently and consistently.
	 *
	 * @param {string} formattedValue
	 * @param {any} value
	 * @param {string} type
	 * @param {number} decimals
	 */
	constructor(
		formattedValue,
		value = null,
		type = CellValue.TYPE_STRING,
		decimals = 0
	) {
		this.formattedValue = formattedValue;
		this.value = value;
		this.type = type;
		this.decimals = decimals;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns whether this value is a numeric type.
	 * @returns {boolean}
	 */
	isNumeric() {
		return CellValue.isTypeNumeric(this.type);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a CellValue from formatted table cell contents. Attempts to
	 * detect formatted numbers including currency and percentages.
	 * 
	 * @param {string} cellString
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	static fromCellString(cellString) {
		const cv = new CellValue(cellString);
		cv.#populateFromCellString(cellString);
		return cv;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a CellValue from a PHP value. Based off PHP datatype, not
	 * string formatting; use `fromCellString` to parse formatted numbers.
	 * 
	 * @param {any} value
	 * @param {string|null} type
	 * @param {number|null} decimals
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	static fromValue(value, type = null, decimals = null) {
		if (value === null) {
			return new CellValue('', null, CellValue.TYPE_BLANK);
		}
		if (value instanceof Error) {
			if (value instanceof CellException) {
				return new CellValue(value.errorSymbol, value.message, CellValue.TYPE_ERROR);
			}
			return new CellValue('#ERROR', value.message, CellValue.TYPE_ERROR);
		}
		if (typeof value == 'boolean') {
			const formatted = CellValue.formatType(value, CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN, 0);
			return new CellValue(formatted, value, CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN);
		}
		if (typeof value == 'number') {
			const resolvedType = type || CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER;
			const resolvedDecimals = (decimals !== null) ? decimals :
				(resolvedType == CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY ? 2 : CellValue.#autodecimals(resolvedType == CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT ? value * 100.0 : value));
			const formatted = CellValue.formatType(value, resolvedType, resolvedDecimals);
			return new CellValue(formatted, value, resolvedType, resolvedDecimals);
		}
		if (typeof value != 'string') {
			throw new CellEvaluationException(`Value of type ${typeof value} unsupported`);
		}
		const trimmed = value.trim();
		if (trimmed.startsWith('=')) {
			return new CellValue(trimmed, trimmed, CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA);
		}
		return new CellValue(trimmed, trimmed, CellValue.TYPE_STRING);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string|null} cellString
	 */
	#populateFromCellString(cellString) {
		var matches = [];
		cellString = (cellString !== null) ? cellString.trim() : null;
		this.formattedValue = cellString;
		// blank
		if (cellString === null || cellString == '') {
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_BLANK;
			this.value = null;
			return;
		}
		// 'literal
		if (cellString.startsWith("'")) {
			const stripped = cellString.substring(1).trim();
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_STRING;
			this.formattedValue = stripped;
			this.value = stripped;
			return;
		}
		// =TRUE
		const caps = cellString.toUpperCase();
		if (caps == 'TRUE') {
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN;
			this.formattedValue = caps;
			this.value = true;
			return;
		}
		// =FALSE
		if (caps == 'FALSE') {
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN;
			this.formattedValue = caps;
			this.value = false;
			return;
		}
		// =A*B
		if (cellString.startsWith('=')) {
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA;
			this.value = cellString;
			return;
		}
		// -$1,234.56
		var groups;
		if (groups = /^([-]?)\$(-?[0-9,]*\.)([0-9]+)$/.exec(cellString)) {
			const sign = groups[1];
			const dollars = groups[2].replace(/,/g, '');
			const cents = groups[3];
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY;
			this.decimals = cents.length;
			this.value = parseFloat(sign + dollars + cents);
			return;
		}
		// -$1,234
		if (groups = /^([-]?)\$(-?[0-9,]+)$/.exec(cellString)) {
			const sign = groups[1];
			const dollars = groups[2].replace(/,/g, '');
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY;
			this.decimals = 0;
			this.value = parseFloat(sign + dollars);
			return;
		}
		// -1,234.56%
		if (groups = /^([-]?[0-9,]*\.)([0-9,]+)%$/.exec(cellString)) {
			const wholes = groups[1].replace(/,/, '');
			const decimals = groups[2];
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT;
			this.decimals = decimals.length;
			this.value = parseFloat(wholes + decimals) / 100.0;
			return;
		}
		// -1,234%
		if (groups = /^([-]?[0-9,]+)%$/.exec(cellString)) {
			const wholes = groups[1].replace(/,/g, '');
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT;
			this.decimals = 0;
			this.value = parseFloat(wholes) / 100.0;
			return;
		}
		// -1,234.56
		if (groups = /^([-]?[0-9,]*\.)([0-9]+)$/.exec(cellString)) {
			const wholes = groups[1].replace(/,/g, '');
			const decimals = groups[2];
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER;
			this.decimals = decimals.length;
			this.value = parseFloat(wholes + decimals);
			return;
		}
		// -1,234
		if (groups = /^([-]?[0-9,]+)$/.exec(cellString)) {
			const wholes = groups[1].replace(/,/g, '');
			this.type = CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER;
			this.decimals = 0;
			this.value = parseFloat(wholes);
			return;
		}
		this.type = CellValue.TYPE_STRING;
		this.value = cellString;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the boolean equivalent of this value if possible.
	 * @returns {boolean|null}
	 */
	booleanValue() {
		switch (this.type) {
			case CellValue.TYPE_BLANK:
				return false;
			case CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
				return this.value;
			case CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY:
			case CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER:
			case CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT:
				return this.value != 0;
			case CellValue.TYPE_ERROR:
			case CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA:
			case CellValue.TYPE_STRING:
				return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the numeric value of this value if possible.
	 * @returns {number|null}
	 */
	numericValue() {
		switch (this.type) {
			case CellValue.TYPE_BLANK:
				return 0.0;
			case CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
				return this.value ? 1.0 : 0.0;
			case CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY:
			case CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER:
			case CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT:
				return this.value;
			case CellValue.TYPE_ERROR:
			case CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA:
			case CellValue.TYPE_STRING:
				return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the string value of this value if possible.
	 * @param {boolean} formatted
	 * @returns {string|null}
	 */
	stringValue(formatted = false) {
		switch (this.type) {
			case CellValue.TYPE_BLANK:
				return '';
			case CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
				return this.value ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
			case CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY:
			case CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER:
			case CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT:
				return formatted ? this.formattedValue : `${this.value}`;
			case CellValue.TYPE_STRING:
				return formatted ? this.formattedValue : this.value;
			case CellValue.TYPE_ERROR:
			case CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA:
				return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of this value plus `b`.
	 *
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue} sum
	 */
	add(b) {
		return CellValue.#binaryNumericOperation(this, b, '+', (aVal, bVal) => aVal + bVal);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of this value minus `b`.
	 *
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue} difference
	 */
	subtract(b) {
		return CellValue.#binaryNumericOperation(this, b, '-', (aVal, bVal) => aVal - bVal);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of this value multiplied by `b`.
	 *
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue} product
	 */
	multiply(b) {
		return CellValue.#binaryNumericOperation(this, b, '*', (aVal, bVal) => aVal * bVal);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of this value divided by `b`.
	 *
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue} quotient
	 * @throws {CellEvaluationException} on divide by zero
	 */
	divide(b) {
		return CellValue.#binaryNumericOperation(this, b, '/', (aVal, bVal) => {
			if (bVal == 0) throw new CellEvaluationException("Division by zero", '#NAN');
			return aVal / bVal
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of this value modulo by `b`.
	 *
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue} remainder
	 * @throws {CellEvaluationException} on divide by zero
	 */
	modulo(b) {
		return CellValue.#binaryNumericOperation(this, b, '%', (aVal, bVal) => {
			if (bVal == 0) throw new CellEvaluationException("Division by zero", '#NAN');
			return aVal % bVal
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of whether this value is greater than `b`.
	 *
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	gt(b) {
		return CellValue.fromValue(CellValue.#compare(this, b) > 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of whether tihs value is greater than or equal to `b`.
	 *
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	gte(b) {
		return CellValue.fromValue(CellValue.#compare(this, b) >= 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of whether this value is less than `b`.
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	lt(b) {
		return CellValue.fromValue(CellValue.#compare(this, b) < 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of whether this value is less than or equal to `b`.
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	lte(b) {
		return CellValue.fromValue(CellValue.#compare(this, b) <= 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of whether this value is equal to `b`.
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	eq(b) {
		return CellValue.fromValue(CellValue.#compare(this, b) == 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the result of whether this value is unequal to `b`.
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	neq(b) {
		return CellValue.fromValue(CellValue.#compare(this, b) != 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the boolean not of this value.
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	not() {
		switch (this.type) {
			case CellValue.TYPE_BLANK:
				return CellValue.fromValue(true);
			case CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY:
			case CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER:
			case CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT:
				return CellValue.fromValue(this.value == 0);
			case CellValue.TYPE_STRING:
				throw new CellEvaluationException("Cannot perform NOT on string");
			case CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
				return CellValue.fromValue(!this.value);
			case CellValue.TYPE_ERROR:
				throw this.value;
			case CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA:
				throw new CellEvaluationException("Cannot perform NOT on expression");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 */
	concatenate(b) {
		const s1 = this.stringValue(true);
		const s2 = b.stringValue(true);
		if (s1 === null || s2 === null) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("Concatenation requires string arguments");
		}
		return CellValue.fromValue(`${s1}${s2}`);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellValue} a
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @param {string} op
	 * @param {function} fn - takes two `number` arguments and returns a `number` result
	 * @returns {CellValue}
	 * @throws {CellEvaluationException}
	 */
	static #binaryNumericOperation(a, b, op, fn) {
		const ops = this.#resolveNumericOperands(a, b, op);
		const aNum = ops[0];
		const bNum = ops[1];
		const type = ops[2];
		const result = fn(aNum, bNum);
		return CellValue.fromValue(result, type);
	}

	/**
	 * Determines what the result of a calculation with two operands should
	 * look like. Returns a tuple array of the A float value, the B float value,
	 * and the type of the result.
	 *
	 * @param {CellValue} a - operand A
	 * @param {CellValue} b - operand B
	 * @param {string} op - operator symbol
	 * @returns {Array} 3-element tuple array with A number value, B number value,
	 *   and result type string
	 * @throws {CellEvaluationException} if types are incompatible for numeric operations
	 */
	static #resolveNumericOperands(a, b, op) {
		if (a.type == this.TYPE_ERROR) throw a.value;
		if (b.type == this.TYPE_ERROR) throw b.value;
		if (a.type == this.TYPE_STRING || b.type == this.TYPE_STRING) {
			throw new CellEvaluationException("Cannot perform math on text values");
		}

		if (a.type == this.TYPE_BLANK) {
			if (b.type == this.TYPE_BLANK) {
				return [ 0, 0, this.TYPE_NUMBER, 0 ];
			}
			return [ 0, b.value, b.type ];
		} else if (b.type == this.TYPE_BLANK) {
			return [ a.value, 0, a.type ];
		}

		const isMultOrDiv = (op == '*' || op == '/' || op == '%');

		if (a.type == b.type) {
			return [ a.value, b.value, a.type ];
		}

		switch (a.type + b.type) {
			case this.TYPE_CURRENCY + this.TYPE_NUMBER:
			case this.TYPE_CURRENCY + this.TYPE_PERCENT:
				return [ a.value, b.value, this.TYPE_CURRENCY ];
			case this.TYPE_PERCENT + this.TYPE_CURRENCY:
				return [ a.value, b.value,
						isMultOrDiv ? this.TYPE_CURRENCY : this.TYPE_PERCENT ];
			case this.TYPE_PERCENT + this.TYPE_NUMBER:
				return [ a.value, b.value,
						isMultOrDiv ? this.TYPE_NUMBER : this.TYPE_PERCENT ];
			case this.TYPE_NUMBER + this.TYPE_CURRENCY:
				return [ a.value, b.value, b.type ];
			case this.TYPE_NUMBER + this.TYPE_PERCENT:
				return [ a.value, b.value,
						isMultOrDiv ? this.TYPE_NUMBER : b.type ];
			case this.TYPE_BOOLEAN + this.TYPE_CURRENCY:
			case this.TYPE_BOOLEAN + this.TYPE_NUMBER:
			case this.TYPE_BOOLEAN + this.TYPE_PERCENT:
				return [ a.value ? 1 : 0, b.value, b.type ];
			case this.TYPE_CURRENCY + this.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
			case this.TYPE_NUMBER + this.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
			case this.TYPE_PERCENT + this.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
				return [ a.value, b.value ? 1 : 0, a.type ];
		}
		throw new CellEvaluationException(`Unhandled operand types "${a.type}" and "${b.type}"`);
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellValue} a
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {number}
	 */
	static #compare(a, b) {
		const args = CellValue.#resolveComparableArguments(a, b);
		const valueA = args[0];
		const valueB = args[1];
		if (typeof valueA == 'string') {
			return valueA.localeCompare(valueB, undefined, { sensitivity: 'accent' });
		} else {
			if (valueA < valueB) return -1;
			if (valueA > valueB) return 1;
			return 0;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellValue} a
	 * @param {CellValue} b
	 * @returns {Array}
	 */
	static #resolveComparableArguments(a, b) {
		if (a.type == CellValue.TYPE_ERROR) throw a.value;
		if (b.type == CellValue.TYPE_ERROR) throw b.value;
		if (a.type == CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA) throw new CellEvaluationException("Can't compare formula values");
		if (b.type == CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA) throw new CellEvaluationException("Can't compare formula values");
		const aNumValue = a.value;
		const bNumValue = b.value;
		const aStrValue = `${a.value}`;
		const bStrValue = `${b.value}`;
		switch (a.type) {
			case CellValue.TYPE_BLANK:
				aNumValue = 0;
				aStrValue = '';
				break;
			case CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
				aNumValue = (aNumValue) ? 1 : 0;
				break;
		}
		switch (b.type) {
			case CellValue.TYPE_BLANK:
				bNumValue = 0;
				bStrValue = '';
				break;
			case CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN:
				bNumValue = (bNumValue) ? 1 : 0;
				break;
		}
		if (a.type == CellValue.TYPE_STRING || b.type == CellValue.TYPE_STRING) {
			return [ aStrValue, bStrValue ];
		}
		return [ aNumValue, bNumValue ];
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a formatted string for the given raw value, value type, and
	 * decimal places.
	 * @param {any} value
	 * @param {string} type
	 * @param {number} decimals
	 * @returns {string}
	 */
	static formatType(value, type, decimals) {
		switch (type) {
			case CellValue.TYPE_BLANK: return '';
			case CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY: return CellValue.#formatCurrency(value, decimals);
			case CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER: return CellValue.#formatNumber(value, decimals);
			case CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT: return CellValue.#formatPercent(value, decimals);
			case CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN: return value ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
			case CellValue.TYPE_STRING: return `${value}`;
			case CellValue.TYPE_FORMULA: return `${value}`;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {number} value
	 * @param {number} decimals
	 * @returns {string}
	 */
	static #formatNumber(value, decimals) {
		return (value).toLocaleString(undefined, { minimumFractionDigits: decimals, maximumFractionDigits: decimals });
	}

	/**
	 * @param {number} dollars
	 * @param {number} decimals
	 * @returns {string}
	 */
	static #formatCurrency(dollars, decimals) {
		var s = (dollars).toLocaleString(undefined, { minimumFractionDigits: decimals, maximumFractionDigits: decimals });
		if (s.startsWith('-')) {
			return '-$' + s.substring(1);
		}
		return '$' + s;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {number} value
	 * @param {number} decimals
	 * @returns {string}
	 */
	static #formatPercent(value, decimals) {
		const dec = value * 100.0;
		return (dec).toLocaleString(undefined, { minimumFractionDigits: decimals, maximumFractionDigits: decimals }) + '%';
	}

	/**
	 * Determines a good number of decimal places to format a value to.
	 * @param {any} value
	 * @param {number} maxDigits
	 * @returns {number}
	 */
	static #autodecimals(value, maxDigits = 6) {
		if (value instanceof CellValue) {
			return CellValue.#autodecimals(value.value);
		}
		if (typeof value == 'number') {
			var s = (value).toLocaleString(undefined, { maximumFractionDigits: maxDigits });
			if (/\./.exec(s) === null) return 0;
			var fraction = s.split('.')[1];
			return Math.min(maxDigits, fraction.length);
		}
		return 0;
	}

	/**
	 * @param {string} type
	 * @returns {boolean}
	 */
	static isTypeNumeric(type) {
		return type == CellValue.TYPE_NUMBER ||
			type == CellValue.TYPE_PERCENT ||
			type == CellValue.TYPE_CURRENCY ||
			type == CellValue.TYPE_BOOLEAN;
	}

	toString() {
		return `[CellValue type=${this.type} value=${this.value} "${this.formattedValue}"]`;
	}
}

class SpreadsheetGrid {
	/**
	 * Indexed by column then row.
	 * @type {SpreadsheetCell[][]}
	 */
	cells;

	/** @type {number} */
	columnCount;
	/** @type {number} */
	rowCount;

	/**
	 * @param {number} columnCount
	 * @param {number} rowCount
	 */
	constructor(columnCount, rowCount) {
		this.columnCount = columnCount;
		this.rowCount = rowCount;
		this.cells = new Array(columnCount);
		for (var c = 0; c < columnCount; c++) {
			this.cells[c] = new Array(rowCount);
			for (var r = 0; r < rowCount; r++) {
				this.cells[c][r] = new SpreadsheetCell();
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {CellAddress} address
	 * @returns {SpreadsheetCell|null} cell, or `null` if no cell available
	 * @throws {CellEvaluationException} if the address it out of bounds
	 */
	cellAt(address) {
		const c = address.columnIndex, r = address.rowIndex;
		if (c < 0 || c >= this.cells.length) throw new CellEvaluationException(`Unresolved cell address ${address.name}`, '#REF');
		const row = this.cells[c];
		if (r < 0 || r >= row.length) throw new CellEvaluationException(`Unresolved cell address ${address.name}`, '#REF');
		return row[r];
	}

	valueAt(address) {
		return this.cellAt(address)?.originalValue;
	}

	outputValueAt(address) {
		return this.cellAt(address)?.outputValue;
	}
}

class SpreadsheetCell {
	/**
	 * @type {CellValue}
	 */
	originalValue = CellValue.BLANK;

	/**
	 * @type {CellValue|null}
	 */
	outputValue = null;

	/** @type {boolean} */
	isCalculated = false;

	/** @type {CellExpression|null} */
	parsedExpression = null;

	/**
	 * @type {CellValue|null}
	 */
	get resolvedValue() { return this.outputValue ?? this.originalValue; }
}

class SpreadsheetBlockReader extends MDBlockReader {
	readBlock(state) {
		return null;
	}

	postProcess(state, blocks) {
		for (const block of blocks) {
			if (block instanceof MDTableBlock) {
				this.#processTable(block, state);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param {MDTableBlock} tableBlock
	 * @param {MDState} state
	 */
	#processTable(tableBlock, state) {
		// Measure table
		const rowCount = tableBlock.bodyRows.length;
		var columnCount = 0;
		for (const row of tableBlock.bodyRows) {
			columnCount = Math.max(columnCount, row.cells.length);
		}

		// Create and populate grid
		const grid = new SpreadsheetGrid(columnCount, rowCount);
		for (var c = 0; c < columnCount; c++) {
			for (var r = 0; r < rowCount; r++) {
				const cellBlock = tableBlock.bodyRows[r].cells[c];
				if (cellBlock === undefined) continue;
				const cellText = cellBlock.toPlaintext(state);
				const gridCell = grid.cells[c][r];
				gridCell.originalValue = CellValue.fromCellString(cellText);
			}
		}

		// Calculate
		const expressions = new CellExpressionSet(grid);
		expressions.calculateCells();

		// See if anything was calculated. If not, don't mess with table.
		var isCalculated = false;
		for (var c = 0; c < columnCount && !isCalculated; c++) {
			for (var r = 0; r < rowCount; r++) {
				if (grid.cells[c][r].isCalculated) {
					isCalculated = true;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		if (!isCalculated) return;

		// Copy results back to table
		for (var c = 0; c < columnCount; c++) {
			for (var r = 0; r < rowCount; r++) {
				const cellBlock = tableBlock.bodyRows[r].cells[c];
				if (cellBlock === undefined) continue;
				const gridCell = grid.cells[c][r];
				const gridValue = gridCell.outputValue;
				const cellText = gridValue.formattedValue;
				cellBlock.content = new MDInlineBlock(new MDTextSpan(cellText));
				if (gridCell.isCalculated) {
					cellBlock.cssClasses.push('calculated');
				}
				cellBlock.cssClasses.push(`spreadsheet-type-${gridValue.type}`);
				if (gridValue.type == CellValue.TYPE_ERROR) {
					cellBlock.attributes['title'] = gridValue.value;
				}
				const gridNumber = gridValue.numericValue();
				if (gridNumber !== null) {
					cellBlock.attributes['data-numeric-value'] = `${gridNumber}`;
				}
				const gridString = gridValue.stringValue(false);
				if (gridString !== null) {
					cellBlock.attributes['data-string-value'] = gridString;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}